Important reference data for cancer patients
The cell atlas and the method of single-cell RNA-sequencing, therefore, have great potential for cancer therapy. Current approaches to analyze diseased tissue, such as tumor tissue, only provided an average value of the concentration of active genes for the entire tissue sample and thus only an average view of the tumor's molecular profile. "The contribution of rare cell types or even individual cells is lost in this average value. Although it is perhaps precisely these few cells that determine whether a tissue is healthy or degenerates into cancer," explains Dominic Grün.
But single-cell sequencing, on the other hand, captures the molecular signature of each healthy or diseased cell in the sample to be examined. The comparison with reference data from healthy tissue enables scientists to target the disease-causing molecular properties of tumor cells and may help to develop improved treatment options in the future.
The Freiburg and Strasbourg researchers demonstrate in their newest study that the cell atlas of the human liver will be an essential reference database for liver cancer research. They compared the data of healthy tissue from the cell atlas with cells from hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common form of primary liver cancer. The comparison enabled conclusions to be drawn, e.g. the identification of new tumor cell markers and perturbed gene activity patterns of different cell types within the tumor. "I think that research into cancer using single-cell sequencing will help to improve the diagnosis and eventually the treatment of tumors even further. In the future, we will not only be able to uncover possible interactions between different cell types in tumors. It will also be possible to observe these interactions as the disease progresses," says Dominic Grün.
The researchers are convinced that their cell atlas of the human liver and the developed methods have laid an important foundation within biomedicine, which will advance the research and understanding of liver diseases on the molecular level to possibly create new therapeutic strategies against liver diseases in the future.
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