Global temperatures last month marked the third-hottest July on record, ending a streak of recent global temperature records. While the global average was slightly lower than in the past two years, the month was still defined by extreme weather events intensified by climate change.

The Impact of a Warming World
Despite a "misleading dip" in global average temperatures, which were 1.25 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the effects of a warming planet were apparent worldwide. Extreme weather events, such as devastating floods in Pakistan and northern China, and intense wildfires in Canada, Scotland, and Greece, were common. Several countries in Asia and Scandinavia experienced their hottest July on record. For example, temperatures in parts of the Gulf, Iraq, and Turkey exceeded 50°C. Scientists attribute these events to the burning of fossil fuels, and they warn that such extreme weather will continue to worsen unless greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized.

Regional Contrasts and Ocean Temperatures
The report showed significant regional differences in temperatures. While many parts of the world, including 11 countries across Asia, experienced their hottest July in at least 50 years, some regions like North and South America, India, and parts of Australia and Africa saw below-normal temperatures.

The oceans also reflected the warming trend, with last month being the third-hottest July on record for sea surface temperatures. Several specific ocean areas, including the Norwegian Sea and parts of the North Atlantic, set new records for the month. Arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record for July, and Antarctic sea ice was the third lowest. This is a concern because melting sea ice contributes to a feedback loop where the darker ocean absorbs more heat, further accelerating global warming.

In a diplomatic move, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet has formally nominated U.S. President Donald Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize. This nomination follows Trump's intervention in a recent five-day border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand, which resulted in 43 deaths.

In his letter to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Manet praised Trump’s "visionary and innovative diplomacy" for brokering a swift and unconditional ceasefire. He stated that Trump's timely action was critical in preventing a more severe conflict and saving lives. This marks another instance of a foreign leader nominating Trump for the prize; he has also been put forward by leaders in Pakistan and Israel.

The Nobel Committee keeps nominee lists confidential for 50 years. However, these nominations are often viewed as a way for foreign leaders to express diplomatic goodwill. The article also highlights that Trump's intervention came as both Cambodia and Thailand were facing the threat of high U.S. tariffs on their exports, which were subsequently reduced.

On Thursday, France successfully contained its largest wildfire in decades, which had burned over 160 square kilometers (62 square miles) in the southern Aude region. The fire, which started on Tuesday, was intensified by hot and dry weather but was eventually slowed by cooler temperatures and calmer winds. The blaze, which authorities have linked to climate change, is considered the worst since 1949 and has devastated a region known for winemaking and tourism.

The fire caused one death and injured at least 13 others, including 11 firefighters. It damaged or destroyed at least 36 homes across 15 communities in the Corbières mountains. The full extent of the damage is still being assessed, particularly for the winemaking industry. Officials estimate that 80% of local vineyards were either destroyed or damaged, with the surviving grapes potentially tainted by smoke. This fire has placed immense strain on a winemaking industry already struggling with years of drought.

Although the fire is contained, officials have warned that the situation remains fragile and that it will take time for the fire to be completely extinguished. An investigation is underway to determine the cause of the fire. The article also notes that southern Europe has been hit by multiple large fires this summer, and scientists are warning that climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of such extreme weather events.

An outbreak of the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus is underway in China, with over 7,000 cases reported, primarily in the manufacturing hub of Foshan. In response, authorities have implemented a series of strict measures reminiscent of their COVID-19 pandemic response. These include widespread disinfection, the use of mosquito nets, and even deploying drones to locate and eliminate insect breeding grounds.

The Chinese government has also adopted a "hardline" approach with its citizens. Individuals who fail to clear standing water from their property, which is where mosquitoes breed, face fines of up to 10,000 yuan (US$1,400) and can have their electricity cut off. Infected patients in Foshan are being forced to stay in the hospital for at least a week, a policy that has drawn some criticism given that the virus cannot be transmitted between people. The United States has issued a travel advisory for its citizens visiting Guangdong province, where the outbreak is centered.

Chikungunya is spread by mosquitoes and causes symptoms similar to dengue fever, such as fever and joint pain, which can be particularly dangerous for the young, elderly, and those with pre-existing medical conditions. The current outbreak has been exacerbated by heavy rains and high temperatures. In an effort to control the spread, authorities have also reportedly used methods such as releasing fish that eat mosquito larvae and even larger, predatory mosquitoes to combat the virus-carrying insects.

Flash floods and severe mudslides have caused significant devastation in China's northwestern Gansu province. The disaster, which began on August 7, has tragically resulted in at least 13 deaths, with three more bodies recently recovered. At least 30 people are still missing, and a rescue official described the situation as "complex." This is due to a combination of heavy mud, rough roads, and the loss of telephone and electricity lines. In the mountainous Xinglong area, where 4,000 people were initially trapped, hundreds have been rescued, and thousands more have been evacuated.

China's Broader Struggle with Extreme Weather
The article contextualizes this event within a larger pattern of natural disasters across China. Such events are common during the summer months, when some regions face heavy rain and others endure extreme heat. In response to the crisis in Gansu, Chinese President Xi Jinping has called for the "utmost effort" in rescue operations, and Beijing's top economic planner has allocated 100 million yuan for relief efforts.

This year, other parts of the country have also been hit by torrential downpours. In the south, tens of thousands of people were evacuated in Guangdong province. In the north, heavy rain in Beijing in July killed 44 people, with an additional eight deaths from a landslide in nearby Hebei province. In anticipation of more bad weather, authorities have activated a flood response plan and issued a yellow alert for several provinces, including Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, and Chongqing.

The Role of Climate Change
The article concludes by linking these severe weather events to global climate change. Scientists are warning that the intensity and frequency of these disasters will likely increase as the planet continues to warm due to fossil fuel emissions. The article notes that while China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, it is also a global leader in renewable energy.

Honey is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and can help with energy, sleep, and wound healing. However, its properties can be harmful to certain individuals.

Groups Who Should Avoid or Limit Honey
Infants under one year old: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advise against giving honey to infants under 12 months. This is because honey can contain Clostridium botulinum spores, which their underdeveloped digestive systems cannot neutralize. In infants, these spores can lead to a serious and potentially fatal condition called infant botulism.

People with diabetes: Honey is high in sugar, primarily fructose and glucose. For individuals with diabetes, consuming too much honey can cause a spike in blood sugar levels, disrupting control and increasing the risk of complications. It's essential for them to consult a doctor before adding honey to their diet.


Individuals with allergies: People with allergies to pollen, propolis, or bee stings may also have an allergic reaction to honey. This can range from mild symptoms like itching and hives to severe reactions like anaphylactic shock.

People with low blood pressure: Honey is rich in potassium, which can mildly lower blood pressure. For individuals who already have low blood pressure or are taking medication for it, consuming honey regularly could be risky and should be done with caution.

People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Due to its high fructose content, honey can act as a laxative and may worsen IBS symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.

Other Considerations for Honey Consumption
Dr. Phuong also notes other groups who should be cautious:

Individuals with liver disease or obesity: Honey's high sugar and calorie content can put a strain on the liver and contribute to weight gain.

Post-surgery patients: Honey may slow blood clotting, so it should be avoided after surgery.

People taking certain medications: Raw honey can interact with some prescription drugs, including blood thinners, making them less effective or increasing side effects.

Even healthy individuals should consume honey in moderation, limiting all added sugars to no more than 10% of their daily caloric intake. The article also advises against mixing honey with boiling water, as high temperatures can destroy its beneficial enzymes and nutrients.

Hydration is crucial for healthy kidney function, as drinking enough water helps the kidneys filter waste and toxins from the blood more effectively. Sufficient fluid intake helps dilute substances in urine, which lowers the risk of developing kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and even chronic kidney disease.

How Much Water Do You Need?
While a common recommendation is to drink "eight glasses a day," the actual amount of water you need depends on several factors, including age, activity level, climate, and health.

For Healthy Adults: Most doctors recommend drinking 1.5 to 2 liters of plain water daily. Your total fluid intake, which includes water from all sources like beverages and food, should be about 3.7 liters for men and 2.7 liters for women.

Special Circumstances: Individuals living in hot climates or engaging in intense exercise may need more water. Conversely, people with end-stage kidney disease should carefully monitor and limit their fluid intake. Those with a history of kidney stones are often advised to drink up to 3 liters of water per day to produce a sufficient volume of urine.

Recognizing Proper Hydration
You can generally tell if you are well-hydrated by checking a few simple signs. Your urine should be pale yellow or nearly clear. Other indicators include urinating six to eight times per day, not feeling thirsty, and avoiding symptoms like fatigue or dizziness.

According to Dr. Bui Thi Thuy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when fat makes up more than 5% of the liver's weight in individuals who consume little to no alcohol. The condition is often linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia, and cases are increasing globally, including in Vietnam, due to rising obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Since there is currently no specific drug treatment, managing NAFLD relies on early lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, to prevent further liver damage.

Dietary Recommendations for NAFLD
A key principle in managing NAFLD is to limit fat intake, specifically saturated and trans fats, while prioritizing healthier unsaturated fats. The goal is for saturated fat to be less than 7–10% of your daily energy, with total fat intake making up 20–25% (about 45–60 grams) per day for adults.

Healthy Fats: Incorporate healthy fat sources like vegetable oils (about two tablespoons daily), nuts (15–20 grams), and fatty fish such as salmon and sardines two to three times a week to boost your omega-3 intake.

Carbohydrates: Choose low-glycemic index (GI) foods, which release sugar into the bloodstream more slowly. Good examples include leafy greens, whole grains, legumes, and fruits like pears and apples. Adults should aim for 300–350 grams of rice or two to three slices of whole-grain bread per day, along with two to three servings of fresh fruit.

Sugars and Unhealthy Foods: Avoid foods high in simple sugars, especially fructose found in soft drinks, sports drinks, and sweetened teas. Sugar should be less than 10% of your daily energy intake, ideally under 25 grams. You should also steer clear of animal organs, fast food, and processed products that are high in cholesterol and unhealthy fats. Alcohol should be completely avoided, as it can cause severe liver damage.

Lifestyle and Management
Beyond diet, several lifestyle factors are critical for managing NAFLD:

Sleep: Aim for seven to eight hours of sleep per night, as staying up late can disrupt your biological rhythm and increase inflammation.

Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity, aiming for at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week.

Hydration: Drink 1.5–2 liters of water daily and limit sugary and carbonated drinks.

Medical Monitoring: Regularly monitor liver enzyme levels and follow your doctor's advice to effectively track and manage your condition.

Dr. Hoang Quyet Tien highlights that incorporating certain foods into your diet can significantly boost brain health, enhancing memory, focus, and overall brain protection. He emphasizes that these foods provide essential nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, choline, vitamins E and K, folate, and flavonoids, all of which play a crucial role in maintaining optimal brain function.

Brain-Boosting Foods
Dr. Tien identifies several key food groups that are particularly beneficial for the brain:

Oily Fish: Foods like salmon are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA and EPA. These are vital for building neuronal cell membranes and facilitating signal transmission in the brain. Regular consumption, at least twice a week, can help reduce inflammation, improve mood, and lower the risk of cognitive decline, thereby preserving memory.

Eggs: An excellent source of choline, eggs contribute to the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for learning and memory. They also provide vitamin B12 and folate, which are important for maintaining healthy nerve cell structures.

Nuts: Including walnuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, and chia seeds in your diet offers a good supply of vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant that protects neurons from damage. These nuts also provide magnesium and zinc, crucial minerals for effective neurotransmission.

Leafy Greens: Vegetables such as spinach, kale, and broccoli are high in vitamin K, which is involved in synthesizing sphingolipids, a key component of the brain's structure. They also contain folate, which supports cell division and healthy nerve function.

Berries: Blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries are packed with anthocyanins. These plant compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier to enhance neuronal signaling, boosting short-term memory and supporting learning. Their low glycemic index also makes them beneficial for blood sugar management and reducing chronic inflammation.

Dark Chocolate: Pure dark chocolate with 70% cocoa or higher is rich in flavonoids, caffeine, and antioxidants. These components promote cerebral blood flow, improve alertness, and enhance mood. It's best to choose varieties with low sugar and no milk to maximize these benefits.

Olive Oil: Extra virgin olive oil is an excellent source of monounsaturated fats and polyphenols that support brain health. Its prominence in the Mediterranean diet is often linked to improved brain and heart health.

Based on the provided article, Dr. Nguyen Anh Duy Tung from Nutrihome Nutrition Center offers guidance on heart-healthy breakfasts, emphasizing their importance for individuals with cardiovascular disease. A balanced morning meal can help control bad cholesterol, sodium, and saturated fats, which in turn helps stabilize blood sugar and blood pressure, ultimately reducing the risk of heart-related complications throughout the day. The article highlights that choosing the right foods is a key step in managing heart health.

Dr. Tung recommends several specific foods that are particularly beneficial for a heart-healthy breakfast. These include whole oats, which are rich in beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that helps lower cholesterol. He also suggests whole grain bread for its high fiber and vitamin content, which supports blood pressure regulation and vascular health. Unsweetened plant-based milk is another good option, as alternatives like almond or soy milk contain heart-friendly unsaturated fats and antioxidants. Boiled eggs are recommended for their high-quality protein, but with a warning for those with lipid disorders to limit their intake. Finally, fresh fruits like apples and bananas are great for their fiber, potassium, and antioxidants, which help lower blood pressure.

The article also provides clear warnings about what to avoid. Dr. Tung advises steering clear of breakfast foods that are high in oil, sugar, and processing, such as fried sticky rice, instant noodles, and pastries. These foods can negatively impact blood pressure and cholesterol levels. In addition to dietary advice, the article underscores the importance of a holistic approach to managing heart health. This includes essential lifestyle factors like regular health checkups, taking prescribed medications, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding both alcohol and tobacco. It also mentions a supplement called GDL-5, derived from sugarcane wax, as a potential aid for lowering blood lipids and total cholesterol.

The border conflict between Thailand and Cambodia escalated for a third consecutive day on Saturday, July 26, 2025, resulting in a grim death toll of 33, making it the bloodiest fighting between the two nations in years. Cambodia has urgently pleaded for an "immediate ceasefire."

The intense conflict, which erupted on Thursday and involves jets, artillery, tanks, and ground troops, prompted an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council on Friday.

Casualty figures reported by both sides paint a somber picture. Cambodia's defense ministry confirmed 13 fatalities, comprising eight civilians and five soldiers, with 71 people wounded. Meanwhile, Thailand's army reported five soldiers killed on Friday, bringing their total toll to 20, including 14 civilians and six military personnel. The combined death toll of 33 now surpasses the 28 killed in the last major round of fighting between 2008 and 2011.

Both nations reported fresh clashes around 5:00 a.m. (2200 GMT Friday). Cambodia accused Thai forces of firing "five heavy artillery shells" into Pursat province, which borders Thailand's Trat province, located some 250 kilometers (160 miles) southwest of the main frontlines. AFP journalists near Samraong, a Cambodian town close to the main border conflict area, heard artillery fire early Saturday afternoon, as did a Thai villager sheltering in a bunker in Sisaket province, just 10 kilometers from the frontier.

The escalating violence has led to a significant humanitarian crisis, with over 138,000 people evacuated from Thailand's border regions and more than 35,000 displaced from their homes in Cambodia.

Following the closed meeting of the UN Security Council in New York, Cambodia's UN ambassador Chhea Keo reiterated his country's demand for "an immediate ceasefire — unconditionally — and we also call for the peaceful solution of the dispute."

However, Thai Foreign Minister Maris Sangiampongsa stated on Saturday that for any ceasefire or talks to proceed, Cambodia needed to demonstrate "genuine sincerity in ending the conflict." He urged Cambodia to "stop violating Thai sovereignty and to return to resolving the issue through bilateral dialogue." Thai Foreign Ministry spokesman Nikorndej Balankura had previously indicated Bangkok's openness to talks, possibly mediated by Malaysia, which currently chairs the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), of which both Thailand and Cambodia are members.

Both sides have attributed blame to the other for initiating the conflict. Thailand has accused Cambodia of deliberately targeting civilian infrastructure, including a hospital and a petrol station hit by shells and rockets. In turn, Cambodia has accused Thai forces of using cluster munitions, a controversial weapon.

Former Thai prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who remains an influential figure, visited shelters on Saturday to meet evacuees. He stated that "the military needs to complete its operations before any dialogue can take place" and expressed no plans to contact Hun Sen, Cambodia's powerful ex-prime minister and a former close ally, describing Hun Sen's actions as reflecting a "disturbed mindset."

The current fighting marks a dramatic escalation in a long-running border dispute over sections of their shared 800-kilometer (500-mile) border. The dispute, often centered around ancient temples like Preah Vihear, has flared up intermittently, with previous conflicts between 2008 and 2011 leaving at least 28 people dead. While a UN court ruling in 2013 provided some clarity, tensions reignited in May when a Cambodian soldier was killed in a new clash. Relations further deteriorated last month following the release of a leaked phone call between Hun Sen and Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra concerning the border dispute, which led to a political crisis in Thailand and Paetongtarn's suspension from office by a court order.

Vietnamese rapper Binh Gold, whose real name is Vu Xuan Binh and is 28 years old, was hospitalized after inhaling over 50 balloons of laughing gas (nitrous oxide, N2O) three or four times a week. He is experiencing numbness, weakness in his limbs, and a rapid heartbeat. Tests at Medlatec Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City revealed dangerously low vitamin B12 levels and signs of nerve damage in all four limbs, with doctors suspecting acute myelin damage. MRI images further confirmed damage to his cervical spinal cord, consistent with prolonged N2O abuse, which deactivates vitamin B12 and can lead to severe neurological issues. Doctors noted that early diagnosis provides a good prognosis for his recovery if he strictly adheres to the treatment plan.

This health crisis comes after Binh Gold was involved in a reckless driving incident that went viral online. Dashcam footage from July 23, around 6 p.m., showed him swerving through traffic and cutting off other drivers at high speed on the Noi Bai–Lao Cai expressway in northern Vietnam. The footage sparked widespread public backlash and prompted a police manhunt. By 10 p.m. on the same day, traffic officers apprehended Binh's vehicle in Lao Cai, where he subsequently tested positive for cannabis.

The Noi Bai–Lao Cai expressway, a 265-kilometer route connecting Hanoi, Phu Tho, and Lao Cai, has two to four lanes with speed limits ranging from 60 to 100 kph (or up to 100 kph on four-lane sections and 80 kph on two-lane sections).

It's important to note that, as of January 1, 2025, laughing gas, shisha, and e-cigarettes are banned substances in Vietnam. Individuals found using or selling them face administrative or criminal penalties depending on the severity of the violation. Additionally, cannabis is illegal in Vietnam for both medical and recreational use, with strict laws against its purchase, sale, possession, and cultivation. Reckless driving and driving under the influence carry significant fines and penalties in Vietnam, which have been sharply increased from January 1, 2025.

The recent capsizing of the Vinh Xanh 58 in Ha Long Bay, which resulted in 10 survivors, one missing person, and numerous fatalities among the 49 people onboard, is being seen not just as a tragedy but as a critical warning regarding potential shortcomings in Vietnam's maritime regulations. The incident occurred on July 19 near Dau Go Cave, with the boat losing GPS contact minutes before overturning.

Built in 2015, the Vinh Xanh 58 was a 24-meter vessel licensed to carry 48 passengers and certified to operate in inland waters with wave heights up to 2 meters. According to Bui Hong Minh, vice director of the Quang Ninh Department of Construction, the ship exceeded national safety requirements with a stability coefficient of 2.3, more than double the minimum. However, critics argue that these certifications may not accurately reflect the true risks of operating in Vietnam’s popular marine tourist areas.

Maritime safety expert Do Binh Duong asserted that if a compliant boat flipped in seconds, it indicates a flaw in the system. He believes that current regulations, primarily designed for calmer inland waters, are inadequate for unpredictable coastal environments like Ha Long Bay. Duong, an expert with SAMASER Holdings, stressed that passenger boats, especially those carrying tourists, should adhere to the strictest safety standards, encompassing not only stable hull design for rough weather but also reliable safety equipment and clear emergency instructions. He warned that without all three, no boat is truly prepared for unpredictable conditions.

Despite the Vinh Xanh 58's certification above the required baseline, its sudden capsizing raises serious doubts. Duong contended that applying inland waterway standards to Ha Long Bay, which is a coastal marine environment, is dangerously outdated. He questioned why tourist boats in "one of Vietnam’s most high-risk marine areas are treated like river ferries" when even small yachts follow stricter SB-class rules for sea navigation. He advocated for Ha Long Bay vessels to adopt SB-class standards, designed for tougher sea conditions, including wave heights up to 2.5 meters.

In response, Vu Anh, head of the Inland Vessel Department at the Vietnam Register, clarified that Vietnamese law classifies inland waters as any navigable body accessible to inland vessels, encompassing rivers, canals, lagoons, bays, and nearshore coastal areas. Under national technical standards, Ha Long Bay and Bai Tu Long Bay are designated as SII waters, where waves reach up to 1.2 meters. Routes connecting Ha Long Bay to Cat Ba Island and Hai Phong–Cat Ba fall under SI classification, with maximum wave heights of 2 meters. The Vinh Xanh 58 was indeed built to VR-SI standards, surpassing VR-SII, thus allowing it to operate both within Ha Long Bay and on open-water routes to Cat Ba.

Addressing calls for stricter regulations, Vu Anh stated that Vietnam’s vessel standards were developed in collaboration with universities and research institutes, modeled on international benchmarks from countries like Japan, China, and Russia. He mentioned that the latest revision, released in 2025, is designed to align with global best practices, and for Ha Long Bay, both wave height and wind strength were factored into calculations. To ensure safety, Vu Anh emphasized a multi-step process for boats, including design approval, construction oversight, certification, and routine inspection, with annual reinspections and daily port clearance before sailing.

Hoang Giang, former Head of Maritime Safety at the Hai Phong Port Authority, described the Vinh Xanh 58's sudden capsize as "highly abnormal," highlighting that a boat flipping in mere seconds is a serious red flag. He urged investigators to examine multiple factors, including design specifications, passenger load, weather conditions, and operational procedures. Giang noted that VR-SI boats are typically smaller and built for calm or nearshore waters, not rough, open bays. He also pointed out that if waves exceed a boat’s design limits, it can rapidly lose stability, especially if it has a high center of gravity or poor balance systems. He called for authorities to investigate whether the Vinh Xanh 58 had undergone modifications, was overloaded, or had structural compromises.

Another maritime expert concurred that VR-SI vessels are rated only for wave heights up to 2 meters and distances no more than 12 nautical miles from shore. For Ha Long Bay's busy tourist routes, he argued, boats should meet VR-SB standards, the highest class for inland vessels. SB-class hulls are engineered to withstand waves up to 2.5 meters, requiring stronger materials, reinforced structures, and enhanced stability in adverse conditions. Key safety factors for SB-class vessels, such as freeboard height, wind pressure resistance, and ballast tank placement, must be precisely designed and rigorously inspected. Additionally, SB-class boats are mandated to have advanced navigation and emergency systems, including radar, AIS (Automatic Identification System), maritime alerts, handheld radios, and crucially, distress beacons that automatically activate upon sinking, transmitting emergency signals via satellite to rescue teams.

In response to the safety concerns, Vu Anh stressed that no vessel, regardless of design, can be fully immune to sudden, extreme weather events like squalls. Therefore, he emphasized that safety must also be enforced operationally, not solely through technical standards. This includes prohibiting sailings during hazardous weather, issuing real-time alerts to vessels already at sea, training passengers on emergency evacuation procedures, and ensuring captains seek immediate shelter near islands when storms approach. Some maritime experts are now advocating for a dedicated 24/7 rescue force for Ha Long Bay, akin to coastal guard units in other countries, to monitor vessel signals in real time and respond instantly to distress calls, thereby improving rescue times and saving lives.

A 20-year-old man in Ho Chi Minh City has been hospitalized with severe neurological symptoms, including numbness, limb weakness, and a rapid heartbeat, after inhaling over 50 balloons of "laughing gas" (nitrous oxide, N2O) three or four times a week.

Tests conducted at Medlatec Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City revealed that his blood vitamin B12 levels were abnormally low. Further nerve conduction studies indicated widespread nerve damage in all four limbs, leading doctors to suspect acute myelin damage, which affects the protective sheath around nerve fibers.

MRI scans confirmed damage to the posterior column of the cervical spinal cord, specifically from the second to the sixth cervical vertebra. Dr. Hoang Anh Tuan, a neurology specialist at Medlatec Hospital, stated that this type of spinal cord damage is characteristic of prolonged nitrous oxide abuse. Dr. Tuan explained that extended exposure to N2O gas deactivates vitamin B12 in the body, leading to this spinal cord damage, with early symptoms often presenting as numbness in the hands and feet.

The prognosis for the patient's recovery is good, provided the treatment plan is strictly followed, due to the early diagnosis. Dr. Tuan stressed that if not detected in time, severe nerve damage can result in slow or no recovery. The patient is currently receiving outpatient treatment and will undergo regular follow-up visits, including MRI scans after three to six months, to monitor the recovery of the cervical spinal cord damage.

Laughing gas is described as a colorless, odorless, and tasteless compound. Its direct inhalation impacts the nervous system, inducing euphoria, uncontrollable laughter, hallucinations, and making surroundings appear more vibrant.

The Ministry of Health notes that nitrous oxide is typically used in controlled medical settings as an anesthetic and in industrial applications such as solar panel production and increasing engine power. However, the misuse of the gas carries serious risks to both physical and mental health. Long-term abuse, even at low doses, can lead to significant nerve damage, manifesting in symptoms like seizures, numbness, paralysis, behavioral disorders, delusions, and hallucinations.

It is important to note that as of January 1 of this year, laughing gas, shisha, and e-cigarettes are banned substances in Vietnam. Individuals found using or selling these substances face administrative or criminal penalties, depending on the severity of the violation.

Hanoi, Vietnam – The Consular Department of Vietnam's Ministry of Foreign Affairs has issued a strong advisory to Vietnamese nationals residing in or traveling to Thailand and Cambodia. Citing escalating and complex security developments along the border between the two Southeast Asian nations, the department urged citizens to remain vigilant and strictly adhere to instructions from local authorities.

Vietnamese citizens are specifically advised to avoid areas experiencing heightened security risks and volatile conditions. Furthermore, they are encouraged to maintain close contact with Vietnam’s diplomatic missions in both Thailand and Cambodia for any necessary assistance or information regarding citizen protection.

The warning comes as border fighting intensified and spread for a second consecutive day on Friday, July 25, 2025, between Thailand and Cambodia, marking the worst conflict between the neighbors in 13 years. Reports indicate that at least 20 people have been killed and over 130,000 displaced. Cambodia's leader stated that Thailand had initially agreed to a Malaysian ceasefire proposal but subsequently withdrew its consent.

Both nations have publicly blamed each other for initiating the conflict, with rhetoric escalating on Friday. Thailand accused Cambodia of deliberately targeting civilians, while Cambodia condemned Thailand for allegedly using cluster munitions, which are controversial and widely criticized.

For urgent assistance and information on citizen protection, Vietnamese citizens can contact the following hotlines and email addresses:

Vietnamese Embassy in Thailand:

Tel: +66898966653

Emails: vnemb.th@mofa.gov.vn, consular.section.bkk @gmail.com

Vietnamese Consulate General in Khon Kaen, Thailand:

Tel: +66935367869

Email: konkaen.th@mofa.gov. vn

Vietnamese Embassy in Cambodia:

Tel: +855977492430, +855316199999

Emails: ttcpc@mofa.gov.vn, consularcpc@gmail.co m

Vietnamese Consulate General in Battambang, Cambodia:

Tel: +855979439888

Email: tlsq.battambang@gmai l.com

Vietnamese Consulate General in Sihanoukville, Cambodia:

Tel: +855.979.732255

Email: tlsqsiha@gmail.com

Consular Department under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam):

Tel: +84981848484

Minh Tam's decision to leave a stable life in Canada after eight years and return to Vietnam, at the age of 30, was met with surprise and disbelief from her family and friends, who deemed it a "crazy idea." Despite facing no significant challenges in integrating into Canadian society, Tam harbored a persistent feeling of not entirely belonging over the years. Her Canadian life was characterized by a solitary and repetitive routine: working in university research during the day and part-time at a shopping mall in the evenings and on weekends, often working seven days a week. Her meals typically consisted of supermarket rotisserie chicken, vegetables, and bread.

Tam's choice to return to Vietnam was prompted by two poignant moments. A visit home in 2023 triggered an overwhelming wave of homesickness upon landing at Hanoi's Noi Bai Airport. "Only when I set foot in my homeland did the longing surface," she recalled. The second catalyst was a dream where her parents were crying and asking her to stay. Waking from the dream, she looked out at the swaying delonix trees and realized, much like the flowers, she belonged to Vietnam.

Tam is part of a growing cohort of "return migrants"—individuals who previously settled abroad but have chosen to move back to their country of origin. According to the Migration Profile Vietnam report by the International Organization for Migration, approximately 500,000 Vietnamese return to the country from abroad annually, with 25,000 of these being returning emigrants. This trend is increasingly evident, coinciding with Vietnam's robust economic growth and improving living standards.

Nguyen Thi Huong, a former nurse, shares a similar story of returning to Vietnam after spending years in the U.S. and Australia. After her husband's early passing, she raised two daughters independently. Upon retirement, her children invited her to join them abroad. In 2019, she moved to California, U.S., confident that her English proficiency and outgoing personality would facilitate quick adaptation. However, she soon experienced profound isolation. Her daughter, son-in-law, and grandchildren were busy with work, and despite the large Vietnamese community, people were too preoccupied to interact.

To combat her loneliness, Huong began taking the bus to a nearby supermarket, where she encountered cold, indifferent staff, leading her to feel discriminated against. This discouraging experience caused her to withdraw from going out and socializing. One day, while sitting in a park, a woman mistakenly gave her $10, believing she was homeless. This deeply emotional encounter solidified her decision to return to Vietnam.

Huong's second daughter then invited her to Australia, but life there also proved unsatisfactory. She found the pace too fast, the housing inadequate, and her only chore was cleaning the yard. Her profound loneliness was epitomized by her recollection: "I was so lonely that I picked up each leaf by hand and didn’t dare rake them for fear there would be no more leaves and no more work to do." After just three months in Australia, Huong insisted on returning to Vietnam. In 2023, she moved back, renovated her house, and converted half of it into a pho shop for rent. Now, she finds peace watching people come and go and chatting in front of the shop. Despite needing medications nearby and her phone within reach for emergencies, Huong affirms, "For me, this life is what truly feels like living."

A report by the United Nations Economic and Social Affairs highlights that many second-generation Vietnamese immigrants also feel a lack of complete belonging in their adoptive countries, prompting their return to Vietnam. In the U.S., 60% of Vietnamese Americans reportedly still contend with language barriers, cultural integration challenges, and social status issues.

Dr. Catherine Earl, a social anthropologist at RMIT University Vietnam, suggests that reverse migration is influenced by multiple factors beyond just difficulties adapting abroad. Her research indicates that 21st-century migration is no longer a linear, one-way journey but a complex movement between various locations, including home countries, study destinations, work, marriage, and raising children. Many migrants find themselves in a state of "limbo," not fully belonging to any single country. Without adequate preparation, they can experience culture shock and feel disconnected from the language, food, religion, climate, and lifestyle of a new country. Some face disappointment when reality diverges from expectations, while others adjust their goals upon discovering new possibilities, including the option of returning home.

Dr. Earl tells VnExpress that reverse migration not only reflects personal choices but also reveals gaps in national policies related to education, employment, and cultural integration. She warns that if Vietnam's education and employment policies are not improved, this could lead to further outward relocation, resulting in wasted human resources, disruptions in generational connections, and limited global integration. Conversely, she implies that if appropriate policies are implemented, they could effectively harness the potential of these returning migrants.

Alex Huynh's experience of returning to Vietnam after 10 years in Australia vividly illustrates the phenomenon of reverse culture shock, a common challenge for long-term expatriates readjusting to their home countries.

Upon starting a new job in Ho Chi Minh City, Huynh, who was born and raised there, was immediately struck by the prevalence of manual labor, specifically colleagues filling out surveys by hand. His suggestion to digitize the process was met with a practical, cost-benefit analysis from his manager: while digital conversion would take two weeks and cost US10,000,hiringadata entryoperatorfor1,00 0samplesovertwodaysc ostonlyVND2million(a pproximatelyUS80). This stark contrast highlighted a fundamental difference from Australian businesses, where technology is adopted to cut expenses and maintain a minimum wage of $50 per hour.

Huynh, with a master's degree and experience managing an investment fund at the National Australia Bank, had left Australia due to a perceived lack of competition, limited career opportunities for foreign workers, and the "bamboo ceiling"—a systemic barrier preventing Asians from advancing to leadership positions regardless of their capabilities. Despite his Vietnamese background, he realized his understanding of his home country's culture was outdated.

His initial shocks at the new job quickly proved his assumption wrong. He observed a different workplace time culture: unlike Australia where colleagues typically leave at 5 p.m. with overtime compensated, overtime was a normal expectation in Vietnam. Huynh noted that "Vietnamese employees have huge workloads but they rarely demand their rights," and productivity was sometimes measured by hours spent in the office.

Another significant difference was the feedback culture. Huynh's direct comments in meetings were considered too blunt, leading him to realize that Vietnamese colleagues often avoided asking questions to avoid appearing incompetent or communicated indirectly. This observation resonated with other returning overseas Vietnamese from the U.S., Canada, and Australia whom he met during his first six months back.

This "reverse culture shock" is a well-documented phenomenon. A University of Nebraska study titled "Vietnamese Graduate International Student Repatriates: Reverse Adjustment" found that most returning international students face considerable challenges, even if they had lived in Vietnam for years before studying abroad. The researchers concluded that reintegration can be harder than adapting to life in a foreign country like the U.S.

Doan Thi Ngoc, a lecturer at Hoa Sen University in HCMC, estimates that 70% of students experience reverse culture shock when returning home. She explains that it stems from the need to reset habits, mindsets, and behaviors formed abroad, as the social environment, communication styles, and principles in Vietnam can differ drastically from their overseas experiences. This conflict between past familiarity and current reality often leads to feelings of disorientation and isolation, and a "lack of support for reintegration often leaves them feeling stranded or even that they are falling behind."

Thuy Tien, 30, who returned to Vietnam in 2020 after several years in the U.S. to work for a Hanoi startup, also experienced these shocks. Her first week revealed a clear hierarchy between bosses and employees, distinct lunch break routines with afternoon naps, and prevalent drinking parties for holidays or company anniversaries—a work-over-drinks culture she struggled to adapt to. While acknowledging that "every environment has its own way of operating and communicating," she ultimately found the environment inefficient due to the emphasis on overtime as a badge of achievement and decided to leave in mid-2025 to continue studying in the U.S. She noted that Vietnam's rapidly growing economy demands a faster pace compared to her more stable life abroad.

While there is no single solution for overcoming reverse culture shock, Ngoc advises returnees to adapt by focusing on the present, maintaining old habits, practicing meditation, walking, writing, and actively building social connections. She also suggests that applying international skills, including language, to both work and life can foster a sense of fulfillment and renewal. Lastly, Ngoc encourages expatriates to recall their past achievements, values, and resilience demonstrated abroad when they feel lost or disappointed, emphasizing that despite the challenges, many overseas Vietnamese like Alex Huynh have successfully integrated, seeing opportunities in Vietnam's growing economy by embracing local cultural integration.

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh recently chaired a hybrid-format conference on July 22, connecting the Government headquarters in Hanoi with 94 Vietnamese overseas diplomatic missions and 34 provincial and municipal People's Committees. The primary objective of this event was to bolster economic diplomacy, aiming to support Vietnam's growth target for the second half of 2025 and establish a robust foundation for achieving double-digit growth in the coming years.

A report presented at the conference highlighted Vietnam's strong external activities in the first half of 2025. The nation conducted nearly 50 major external activities led by key leaders, elevated diplomatic ties with 10 countries, and signed an impressive 253 cooperation agreements, a figure double that of 2024. These agreements primarily focused on economic, trade, investment, and science-technology cooperation. Concurrently, Vietnam's overseas diplomatic missions hosted almost 300 economic diplomacy events, including trade, investment, and tourism promotions. They also assisted localities in organizing over 150 promotion activities both domestically and internationally, and facilitated 30 agreements between Vietnamese localities and international partners.

During the conference, Vietnamese ambassadors and heads of overseas missions pledged to maintain practical and effective diplomatic efforts. Their focus areas include economic, trade, investment, scientific and technological cooperation, and innovation, all geared towards helping Vietnam effectively adapt to global shifts and contribute to national growth and economic restructuring. Leaders from various ministries, sectors, localities, and business associations urged the missions to continue serving as vital bridges, providing crucial market information and expanding cooperation opportunities. They also called for enhanced efforts to promote Vietnam's image, its people, and its investment potential globally.

In his concluding remarks, Prime Minister Chinh affirmed that foreign affairs had been a significant highlight in Vietnam's achievements during the first half of 2025, acknowledging the substantial contributions of the diplomatic missions. The Prime Minister instructed overseas missions to closely monitor developments in their respective regions, provide timely strategic advice, and ensure the Party and State are well-prepared to navigate foreign affairs challenges. This proactive approach aims to foster a stable and cooperative international environment essential for achieving Vietnam's national growth target of 8.3–8.5% in 2025.

The missions were also called upon to uphold Vietnam’s consistent foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralization, and diversification, thereby reinforcing the country's commitment to being a reliable partner and a responsible member of the international community. This strategy involves building a resilient, globally integrated economy through proactive restructuring and diversification of markets, products, and supply chains.

Prime Minister Chinh underscored economic diplomacy as central to Vietnam’s foreign affairs, aligning with directives from Party General Secretary To Lam. He urged stronger global connectivity, fostering links between Vietnamese enterprises and international partners, accelerating the advancement of new free trade agreements (FTAs), and attracting skilled talent while training high-quality human resources. He also encouraged deeper engagement with overseas Vietnamese experts, particularly in science, technology, and innovation, to support the nation's modernization drive.

The Prime Minister further requested efforts to deepen ties with neighboring countries, major powers, and strategic partners in a profound, stable, practical, and sustainable manner, built on trust and shared interests. He called for innovative solutions to address challenges in bilateral relations and emphasized the effective coordination of high-level diplomatic events through flexible, multi-level engagement.

To drive growth, the Government leader urged continued efforts to revitalize traditional growth engines while vigorously developing new ones. This encompasses promoting both outbound and inbound investment, and fostering collaboration in cutting-edge fields such as science and technology, innovation, digital transformation, high-tech industries, semiconductors, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). He stressed the importance of expanding export markets, fully leveraging existing FTAs, and finalizing new ones with promising markets including the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, India, and Brazil. Additionally, he emphasized supporting businesses in key industries like electronics, automobiles, textiles, and machinery to boost exports and integrate further into global supply chains.

Prime Minister Chinh also called for the swift implementation of National Assembly Resolution No. 222/2025/QH15, which focuses on developing an international financial center in Vietnam, noting the interest of the UAE and Kazakhstan in sharing their expertise. He requested action on recent Politburo resolutions concerning science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation, as well as the removal of barriers to foreign investment projects. The Prime Minister also stressed the need to support localities and businesses in overcoming obstacles to foreign investment projects and partnerships both domestically and internationally.

Finally, the Prime Minister directed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to lead the drafting of a National Assembly resolution on special mechanisms to implement the Politburo's Resolution 59 on proactive and comprehensive international integration. He agreed to consider establishing sectoral and thematic research centers and urged continued efforts to have the EU’s IUU (Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated) yellow card on Vietnam’s seafood exports lifted. He also called for the conclusion of FTA negotiations with MERCOSUR and the acceleration of railway connectivity projects between Vietnam and China, such as the Lao Cai-Hanoi-Hai Phong railway line. While acknowledging that the 8.3–8.5% growth target for 2025 presents a significant challenge, Prime Minister Chinh expressed confidence in its achievability, urging close coordination among ministries, sectors, localities, businesses, associations, and overseas missions to effectively advance economic diplomacy and lay the groundwork for Vietnam's confident entry into a new era of development.

The kidneys are indispensable organs that perform a multitude of vital functions, including regulating blood pH, balancing electrolytes, producing hormones that control blood pressure, enhancing bone density, and managing red blood cell production. Dr. Ha Tuan Hung from the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis at Tam Anh General Hospital in Hanoi emphasizes that when kidneys are compromised, they cannot carry out these functions effectively, leading to a build-up of toxins that can subsequently damage other organs throughout the body.

To safeguard kidney health, Dr. Hung recommends adhering to 10 key daily habits:

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight or obese places excessive strain on the kidneys and elevates the risk of developing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, both significant contributors to kidney failure. A balanced dietary approach combined with regular physical activity is crucial for weight management.

Control Blood Sugar Levels: Persistently high blood sugar can inflict damage on the delicate blood vessels within the kidneys, ultimately impairing their function. Individuals with diabetes must diligently manage their blood sugar through a healthy diet, consistent exercise, and adherence to prescribed medications.

Monitor Blood Pressure: High blood pressure often damages the kidneys silently over an extended period. To prevent hypertension, it is advised to engage in regular exercise, reduce intake of fat and salt, and limit alcohol consumption. Regular monitoring of blood pressure, particularly in the morning and evening, is recommended, with ideal readings typically below 120/80 mmHg for healthy individuals and below 130/80 mmHg for those with pre-existing conditions like diabetes or kidney disease.

Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can be detrimental to the kidneys, forcing them to overwork to filter out toxins. It can also disrupt the body's electrolyte balance, increasing the risk of kidney failure, especially for individuals already contending with high blood pressure or diabetes.

Exercise Regularly: Consistent physical activity is instrumental in maintaining a healthy weight, controlling blood pressure, and improving overall cardiovascular health. Furthermore, it supports kidney function by enhancing blood circulation. Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity daily, which can include activities such as walking, running, or swimming.

Follow a Healthy Diet: A nutritious diet supplies the body with essential nutrients and fiber. It is important to minimize foods high in sugar, oils, margarine, and processed products, as these can contribute to metabolic disorders that harm the kidneys. Instead, prioritize plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. For those already diagnosed with kidney disease, it may also be necessary to restrict protein, sodium, and phosphorus intake to alleviate strain on the kidneys.

Avoid Smoking: Smoking directly damages blood vessels and impairs kidney function, significantly increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease. Quitting smoking yields substantial benefits for both kidney and cardiovascular health.

Manage Stress: Chronic stress can have a profound negative impact on overall health, including kidney function. Incorporating stress-reducing activities like meditation or light exercise into one's routine can improve mental well-being and contribute positively to kidney health.

Stay Hydrated: Adequate water intake is fundamental for kidney health, as it aids in the removal of toxins and maintains electrolyte balance. Proper hydration also reduces the risk of kidney diseases, particularly those related to urinary stones. Aim to drink 2-3 liters of water daily, but be mindful of overhydration, which can impose unnecessary strain on the kidneys.

Regular Health Checkups: Kidney disease often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making regular health checkups absolutely essential for early detection. Routine blood and urine tests, alongside periodic blood pressure measurements, can help identify kidney issues promptly. Individuals at higher risk, such as the elderly, those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease, should be especially vigilant. Paying attention to warning signs like frequent nighttime urination, blood in the urine, swelling in the ankles or hands, or persistent fatigue can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, which are crucial for preventing further kidney damage.

You're asking a great question about calorie expenditure! According to the U.S.-based Cleveland Clinic, the more intense an activity, the higher your metabolic equivalent of task (MET) and, consequently, the greater your calorie burn. Exercise physiologist Ben Kuharik notes that any physical activity burns calories, but some are more efficient at boosting your metabolism.

Here's a breakdown of the top calorie-burning workouts based on a 150-pound person exercising for one hour, as provided by the Cleveland Clinic:

Running: This full-body workout can burn a significant number of calories depending on your pace:

Jogging: Approximately 476 calories per hour.

Running at 5 mph: 544 calories per hour.

Running at 6 mph: 680 calories per hour.

Running at 10 mph: Up to 1,088 calories in just an hour.
Running engages your legs, core, and upper body, with higher speeds or inclines demanding more energy expenditure.

Jumping Rope: Described as "high-intensity, high-reward," jumping rope is a very efficient calorie burner:

Slow pace: Around 544 calories per hour.

Fast pace: Up to 816 calories per hour.
Kuharik recommends it for short, intense cardio bursts or as a workout finisher for quick results.

Swimming: This low-impact, total-body workout offers good calorie burn with the added benefit of being gentle on joints:

Casual pace: About 476 calories per hour.

Vigorous swimming: Can increase to 680 calories per hour.
The natural resistance of water strengthens muscles and reduces joint stress.

Cycling: Another joint-friendly cardio option, cycling's calorie expenditure varies greatly with intensity and environment:

Leisurely pace (around 5.5 mph): Roughly 272 calories per hour.

Moderate pace (12–13 mph): Around 544 calories per hour.

Faster pace (16–19 mph): Up to 816 calories per hour.
Kuharik points out its effectiveness, especially when cycling outdoors.

Walking: While lower in intensity, walking is a valuable exercise, particularly for beginners:

Walking at 3 mph: About 224 calories per hour.

Brisk walk at 4 mph: Can increase to 340 calories per hour.
Kuharik emphasizes that walking is a great way to build an exercise habit and contributes to overall calorie output, even if it's less intense than other activities. It's important to note that calorie burn for walking can vary based on individual factors like weight, sex, and ethnicity, as mentioned by Healthline.

In summary, running at 10 mph appears to torch the most calories in an hour, reaching up to 1,088, among the activities listed for a 150-pound person. However, the intensity at which each activity is performed significantly impacts the total calories burned.